610 An Arab merchant named Muhammad receives the first of some 650 revelations that form the basis of the Koran, Islam's holy book.Ħ18 In China, T'ai Tsung and his father Kao Tsu over-throw the cruel Sui dynasty, establishing the highly powerful and efficient T'ang dynasty.Ħ22 Muhammad and his followers escape the city of Mecca. Late 500s The first Turks begin moving westward, toward the Middle East, from their homeland to the north and west of China.Ħ04 Prince Shotoku Taishi of Japan issues his "Seventeen-Article Constitution."Ĭ. Also known as Gregory the Great, he ensures the survival of the church, and becomes one of its greatest medieval leaders. 550 Death of Indian mathematician Aryabhata, one of the first mathematicians to use the numeral zero.ĥ89 The ruthless Wen Ti places all of China under the rule of his Sui dynasty, ending more than three centuries of upheaval.ĥ90 Pope Gregory I begins his fourteen-year reign. The victories are costly, however, and soon after Justinian's death these lands will fall back into the hands of barbarian tribes such as the Vandals and Lombards.ĥ35 Justinian establishes his legal code, a model for the laws in many Western nations today.ĥ40 The Huns, or Hunas, destroy India's Gupta Empire, plunging much of the subcontinent into a state of anarchy.Ĭ. This marks the beginning of the monastic tradition in Europe.ĥ32 Thanks in large part to the counsel of his wife Theodora, Justinian -greatest of Byzantine emperors-takes a strong stand in the Nika Revolt, ensuring his continued power.ĥ34–563 Belisarius and other generals under orders from Justinian recapture much of the Western Roman Empire, including parts of Italy, Spain, and North Africa. By establishing strong ties with the pope, he forges a strong church-state relationship that will continue throughout the medieval period.ĥ00 Date commonly cited as beginning of Middle Ages.ĥ00–1000 Era in European history often referred to as the Dark Ages, or Early Middle Ages.ĥ24 The philosopher Boethius, from the last generation of classically educated Romans, dies in jail, probably at the orders of the Ostrogoth chieftain Theodoric.ĥ29 Benedict of Nursia and his followers establish the monastery at Monte Cassino, Italy. Patrick, missionary who converted Ireland to Christianity.Ĥ76 The German leader Odoacer removes Emperor Romulus Augustulus and crowns himself "king of Italy." This incident marks the end of the Western Roman Empire.Ĥ81 The Merovingian Age, named for the only powerful dynasty in Western Europe during the period, begins when Clovis takes the throne in France.Ĥ96 Clovis converts to Christianity. As time passes, the Eastern Roman Empire (later known as the Byzantine Empire) distances itself from the declining Western Roman Empire.Ĥ10 Led by Alaric, the Visigoths sack Rome, dealing the Western Roman Empire a blow from which it will never recover.Ĥ13–425 Deeply affected-as are most Roman citizens-by the Visigoths' attack on Rome, Augustine writes City of God, one of the most important books of the Middle Ages.Ĭ. As a result, the empire that once persecuted Christians will embrace their religion and eventually will begin to persecute other religions.ģ25 Constantine calls the Council of Nicaea, first of many ecumenical councils at which gatherings of bishops determine official church policy.ģ30 Constantine establishes Byzantium as eastern capital of the Roman Empire.ģ95 After the death of Emperor Theodosius, the Roman Empire is permanently divided in half. Years of instability follow, and although Rome recovers numerous times, this is the beginning of Rome's three-century decline.ģ12 Roman emperor Constantine converts to Christianity. 180 The death of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius marks the end of the "Pax Romana," or Roman peace.
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